Should Boys and Girls be in a Separate Class Research Paper

Should Boys and Girls be in a Separate Class - Research Paper Example Arguments in favour of the method One of the major benefits of separating the two genders is that students get to receive better education as per their personalities. It is well understood that girls are often more silent than boys, a factor that favours the good development of the learning environment. At times, girls also seem to be talkative than boys and this may require a new type of education (Weil 56). Psychology puts across the main stages of development among individuals. Learners in both primary and secondary level are at a crucial age of development which can be characterized by several activities amongst themselves. An advantage of teaching a specific gender with respect to this issue is that their future learning would be enhanced, considering the diversity in their growing ways. Boys get older in sexual matters and this could have an effect on girls who may concentrate more on the boys’ attention and thus interfere with the normal learning activities. Many religi ons perceive that boys and girls ought not to attend classes together, particularly during the age of adolescence when such children are curious and have-not yet acquired discipline in the body and mind. The religions with this perspective fear that children may engage themselves in sinful occasions in intimate quarters for the time allocated in school. They suggest that children should not be exposed to this â€Å"risky† situation till when they mature up and get ready to involve in legal circumstances. Above all, separating them keeps their minds focused on studies rather than on each other in the class (Leinhardt432). Other proponents suggest that single-sex education is the best because it is believed that children achieve higher results when taught separately than in unison. Boys’ and girls’ intelligence differs significantly, so their learning pace differs as well. Girls are more passive learners and perform well when it comes to classroom discussions and drawings or diagrams. Their visual ability is also high and are believed to be auditory learners. On the other hand, boys learn more kinetically and like practical learning. This assumption means that by teaching gender-based classes, different learning styles can be catered for and thus teaching them together will mean interfering with their potentials. Boys and girls are engaged by dissimilar stimuli, proving that if a teacher caters the class to the interests of girls, he might lose the boys and vice versa. Boys are sometimes intimidated by the superior verbal abilities in some subjects such as English, but can score far better if girls are not in their midst. The same applies for girls in science subjects, P.E, and woodwork. According to one American psychologist, who is also a family doctor, Dr. Leonard Sax, girls ought to learn on their own. He states, â€Å"The best possible thing you can do to help your daughter is to get her into a girls’ school.† His main arg ument is that the single-sex schools are a good way to eliminate the gender stereotypes in the society. To him, girls in schools with specified gender are more likely to study subjects that are perceived to be masculine. They can pursue engineering, technology, computer science, and physics and be more active in competitive sports compared to girls in co-educational schools setups. Further, he argues that the focus

Human Organ Donation Opinion Paper Essay Example for Free

Human Organ Donation Opinion Paper Essay Organ Transplants Everyday there are horrific accidents where people become so damaged that their organs fail to work. Or their organs have just had enough abuse and decide that it’s time to give up. Well this can all be fixed using organs from other people who have died but their organs or that one particular organ is intact because they died of other causes. Organ transplanting is so great that some people have even taken it into their own hands to sell and transplant organs, which is not the best way to do this. Organ transplanting has changed the world for the best, however, some may ask why organ transplanting or what are the benefits to this? Well there are many benefits! First thing to know is that there are several different types of transplants. These include heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and all the major organs. If one is suffering from a deadly heart disease or has a failing heart, and regular surgery and standard therapy no longer apply, the doctors can now implant a new heart so the patient has more time to live their life. How cool is that?! This procedure can be done with almost every organ in the human body! If you are wondering why you need to know this, it’s because you do. Someday it may be you on that operation table receiving a new lung or a new heart. The truth is everyone is a possible target for organ failure and if you are more aware of what is happening around you, maybe you will be more understanding when it possibly happens to you. There are alternatives however. One may be, as far out as this may sound, a criminal who has been injured in a heist. He may not want to go to the hospital because he will be seen and caught. Therefore he turns to the black market for organs. Though the organs here are a little more unsanitary, they can be implanted in a makeshift operation room. The reason there is an organ black market is due to the sole fact that people want money. They will sell their unneeded organs (kidneys for example) for money. And if you live in the slums of Brazil, where the majority of the organs come from, the money can be a life saver, even if it is only 6,000 to 10,000 dollars. Do not get it into your mind that only criminals use the black market, leaving out the fact that the black market is illegal and using it makes you a criminal. People living in countries with no pre-paid health care system may not have enough money to go to a hospital and pay ridiculous amounts of money for a new organ. This is when they turn their back on the hospital and turn to the black market, who is welcoming them with open arms. If that person doesn’t mind something a little more unsterile then a hospital, then the black market is the right place for them. However they are now criminals because the black market is illegal. The black market also will buy out some criminally minded funeral homes and carve up the bodies for some extra skin tissue or some of the organs. This is one of the reasons why the black market illegal. In conclusion, I think that the idea of carving up dead bodies without consent is wrong, but I do believe that people who are alive and wanting to sell a kidney should be allowed to do so. So basically I think that the black market is not such a bad thing but some people take it too far and those are the people who should pay for their crimes. References Canadian Society of Transplantation. (n.d.). Canadian Society of Transplantation. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.transplant.ca/pubinfo_organtrans.htm Canadian Transplant Society | Canada Transplant. (n.d.). Canadian Transplant Society | Canada Transplant. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.cantransplant.ca/ Organ and Tissue Transplantation and Alternatives by BCC Research in Blood Supply, Tissue Banking, Transplantation, United States. (n.d.). MarketResearch.com Market Research Reports Business and Industry Analysis. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.marketresearch.com/BCC-Research-v374/Organ-Tissue-Transplantation-Alternatives-6122367/ Scheve, T. (n.d.). HowStuffWorks The Organ Black Market. HowStuffWorks Science. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/organ-donation7.htm

Koran, So Long A Letter And The Symposium :: essays research papers

by Gabe pollow   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the fall semester of our Preceptorial class we covered many books that represented strong points about many issues. Many of these books took place in history a long time ago, although this is true they seem to be timeless. I have learned a great deal throughout all of the readings, and changed many of my feelings about several different issues. The books that had then most impacts on my thoughts were The Symposium, The Koran, The Apology, and So Long A Letter. These books have all made me fight the beliefs that I had prior to reading them, which is a sign of a strong book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Symposium was a unique book that had many stories and different books inside of it. This book either altered my views a small amount or change them drastically. There were many instances in the book that I didn’t know prior to reading it such as the title, which means a drinking party. One thing that I felt throughout life was that if you were in trouble, meaning a life or death situation, many people would die for you. My personal feeling was that this thought made sense, but after reading this book I realized that I might be mistaken. When I read that only a lover would die for you I started to realize that this might be true. The men in this time had lovers who were boys, or young men, and these lovers would die for their older lovers. The book also said that even a wife, although not as important as a lover would die for. After taking time to think this through, I realized that this might be the case, after all why would you want to risk your well b eing and life for someone you barely know. Maybe the only reason that you would die for someone was to be known as an honorable person, but to be honest, what does that truly matter when your dead?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book also states that lovers will forgive for breaking vows. I didn’t feel that this could be true seeing is how there are so many divorces in this day of age, but I came to the realization that this is a false thought on my part and I do in fact concur with the books statement. The reason I believe this to be true is that if your lover (s) are truly your lover (s) than he or she cannot live without your love.

Palm oil oral presentation

Today I would like to talk to you about a rather large problem. It is responsible for most of the deforestation In the world, It has caused lots of damage to the bio-sphere and atmosphere. It has caused huge amounts of damage to the species living In the rainforest's. This problem Is catastrophic and caused by us humans. If some of you are thinking Its palm 011, your rightly (change) What is palm oil? Palm oil is a highly saturated oil that comes from the fruit of a palm tree growing in tropical climates. Today most palm oil is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia. Rainforest's are destroyed to make room for palm oil plantations.These areas, which are the lungs of the world and home to native wildlife, are destroyed at an alarming rate. Every hour rainforest's the size of over 300 football fields are cleared. (change) As much as hundred different species are now becoming extinct every day. Some animals that are becoming close to extinct are the Sumatra and Borne Orange- tan, the Sumat ra tiger, the pigmy elephant and the Sumatra rhino. Ten years ago there were still over 1 50,000 orange-tans in the wild and that number has dropped to 30,000 today! Sumatra tiger and rhino numbers have dropped dramatically to having only 30-40 in the wilds. Change) Every year at least 1,500 orange-tans die cruelly when beaten to death by plantation workers as they are considered a pest and some of these beautiful animals are burnt to death by the uncontrolled fires to clear land, which also kills hundreds of other fauna and flora species. There Is a huge risk that none of these animals will be living in the wild by he year 2020, because of the fact the demand for palm OLL Is huge and Increasing. (change) Although, 30 years ago, no many products contained palm oil, today palm oil is in 50% of our products. It's in confectionery foods, food items, personal care items and house care products.It may surprise you that some of your favorite products are contributing to the palm oil probl em. Startups, Skittles, Mars chocolate, Ores, Nutshell, Ben and Jerry, Amiability, cover girl cosmetics and thousands more. Re deliberately not labeling their products clearly and this makes it harder to identify products containing palm oil. Consumers can help by learning the other names that are potentially used like vegetable oil or one of the 30 different chemical or common names Lists are available on the WFM and the Melbourne Zoo websites. Here you will also find lists of products and brands to avoid as well as better alternative choices.Other things you can do to help are, -Educate yourself about the problem -Spread the message to those around you -Join campaigns and fundraisers Make a conscious decision to stop using palm oil and let manufacturers know that you want them to switch to alternative oils -Buy ethical products and support companies that are doing the right thing -Encourage your government to change labeling laws -Encourage your government to aid affected communit ies and help them to find alternative income sources, for example tourism and sustainable plantations I hope that this will inspire you to become a crusader for Orange-tans.

Journey to Christianity Essay

The preference for a religion or any sense of spirituality is a personal choice and digression. The option either not to actively participate in one’s religion’s rituals, traditions, and customs or do the otherwise, maybe even stay neutral, is still of personal consideration. Nothing or no one can truly and essentially mediate with these affairs unless allowed to do so by the said practitioner of beliefs and doer of such saintly conviction. For me, Christianity has been the choice of religion, and the personal spirituality gained from trusting it brings one’s mind, soul, and spirit in truly an almost enlightened state. Truth is every religion’s destination point and the journey to and through Christianity is one which continues and grows with each passing day. Journey to Christianity The discernment on religion and spirituality is one of the greater existential and even transcendental issues of human existence. Moreover, the concept of a greater being, or sometimes even beings, have been constructed into almost gloriously confusing and still remarkably mysterious belief systems which seemingly condemn the evil and venerate the good. But one thing holds true, pure, and private, no matter what: every individual is given that personal right to choose whatever it is that he or she wants to believe in or not—to condemn and venerate, or not. Christianity, a monotheistic faith, centers on strong belief system which only holds a One Higher and Greater Being to be God and His Son, Jesus Christ the Messiah—the Chosen One who stands as the prophesized-man’s key to salvation. All certainty, knowledge, and wisdom are believed written in the Holy Bible, which content is also believed to be beyond contestation. But before everything else is settled in both my religious and spiritual points of view, the journey is one which should continue and develop day by day by day. My journey began as a child. Like mostly everybody else, any form of belief, opinion and sense of culture begins at home and in school. As I did remember, it was in a simple arithmetic math class and a church sermon that I tried to make the correlations in between. I tried to make sense of things in such an early age. In class, we did simple arithmetic exercises which tested our accuracy in basic addition and subtraction. Then, as I remembered the weekend before, the priest from the church had mentioned the concept of the Triune God (Father, Son and Holy Ghost) — this snatched my attention from the class’s activities and carried on through the rest of the day. I thought to myself, how could three things be formed into one, if by plain law of mathematics one plus one equals two, then it also suggest that one plus one plus one cannot equate to one? In some way, even at an early age, I thought of things this way and looked for the interconnectivity among things, people, and events. Such matters stimulated my own process of trying to better learn the how’s and why’s of Christianity, and moreover about life and everything else in it. I tried my best not to accept everything as there are and were — this was my journey’s most definitive moment, for it spurred the essence of life—to search for something greater, to live with purpose and meaning. Such interest and zest carried on as years passed; it was a quest. A series of continuing investigations within myself, things around me, and with the people I knew, know, and came to know all played crucial roles in my own discernment of deity, concept a of Greater being, and everything else in between. Understanding the way they thought and perceived life contributed in my own personal process of thinking, in my decision making developments, and in my belief in both the earthly and divine elements. But amidst the enduring efforts, there was a gap which would never be answered, and the notion of not knowing would only be the somewhat and only agonizing conclusion. Even considering the long, comprehensive history of man and life and of various disciplines and sciences as only part of one speck in the whole universe, there is no way of actually and absolutely finding out the truth about God and all else that comes with it. Hence, there is faith. Faith is that intangible emotion of believing in something, someone—despite and in spite of all and any circumstance. This is the very essence of Christianity to accept as true—to love and to be a believer amidst temptation, sin, and what is wrong. Even though, at the end of it all, it is still a matter of personal choice, I chose Christianity because this is what fills and completes the gaps between my philosophical and spiritual trenches. No matter how far I would begin to discern, whether or not there is a God, whether or not there is salvation, it all brings me back to faith. All its teachings serve as a guide. All its lessons serve as a channel of reference. The journey to and through Christianity is one which has not been concluded, for it must be a long lasting process. Only in its conclusion will one find truth.

Free Essays on Agroforesty

Agroforestry is a "social forestry" - its purpose is sustainable development. Practices are focused on meeting the economic, environmental and social needs of people on their private lands. At the farm level, agroforestry is a set of practices that provide strong economic and conservation incentives for landowner adoption. Incorporated into watersheds and landscapes, agroforestry practices help to attain community/society goals for more diverse, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. Where does Agroforestry apply? Agroforestry applies to private agricultural and forest lands and communities. These are highly disturbed, human-dominated land-use systems. Targets include highly-erodible, flood-prone, economically marginal and environmentally sensitive lands. The typical situation is agricultural, where trees are added to create desired benefits. Our goal is to restore essential processes needed for ecosystem health and sustainability, rather than to restore natural ecosystems. Agroforestry provides strong incentives for adoption of conservation practices and alternative land uses, and supports a collaborative watershed analysis approach to management of landscapes containing mixed ownerships, vegetation types and land uses. Agroforestry is a "social forestry" - its purpose is sustainable development. Practices are focused on meeting the economic, environmental and social needs of people on their private lands. At the farm level, agroforestry is a set of practices that provide strong economic and conservation incentives for landowner adoption. Incorporated into watersheds and landscapes, agroforestry practices help to attain community/society goals for more diverse, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. Where does Agroforestry apply? Agroforestry applies to private agricultural and forest lands and communities. These are highly disturbed, human-dominated land-use systems. Targets include highly-er... Free Essays on Agroforesty Free Essays on Agroforesty Agroforestry is a "social forestry" - its purpose is sustainable development. Practices are focused on meeting the economic, environmental and social needs of people on their private lands. At the farm level, agroforestry is a set of practices that provide strong economic and conservation incentives for landowner adoption. Incorporated into watersheds and landscapes, agroforestry practices help to attain community/society goals for more diverse, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. Where does Agroforestry apply? Agroforestry applies to private agricultural and forest lands and communities. These are highly disturbed, human-dominated land-use systems. Targets include highly-erodible, flood-prone, economically marginal and environmentally sensitive lands. The typical situation is agricultural, where trees are added to create desired benefits. Our goal is to restore essential processes needed for ecosystem health and sustainability, rather than to restore natural ecosystems. Agroforestry provides strong incentives for adoption of conservation practices and alternative land uses, and supports a collaborative watershed analysis approach to management of landscapes containing mixed ownerships, vegetation types and land uses. Agroforestry is a "social forestry" - its purpose is sustainable development. Practices are focused on meeting the economic, environmental and social needs of people on their private lands. At the farm level, agroforestry is a set of practices that provide strong economic and conservation incentives for landowner adoption. Incorporated into watersheds and landscapes, agroforestry practices help to attain community/society goals for more diverse, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. Where does Agroforestry apply? Agroforestry applies to private agricultural and forest lands and communities. These are highly disturbed, human-dominated land-use systems. Targets include highly-er...

Should You Guess on the ACT 5 Guessing Strategies

Should You Guess on the ACT 5 Guessing Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Because the ACT has no penalty for guessing, you should always guess on the ACT if you don’t know the answer.After all, leaving a question blank and guessing are functionally the same. This article will focus less on the technical aspects of whether it’s beneficial to guess on the ACT and more on strategies for guessing that might lead you to the right answer. After reading this guide, you should be able to score some additional lucky points on the ACT! Strategy 1: Eliminate Answer Choices Before Guessing The number one rule of guessing on the ACT is try to minimize your guessing. The first thing you should do when you come across a question that (at least partially) stumps you is to use the process of elimination.The more choices you can cross off, the better your chances of getting the question right will be. Don’t guess blindly just because you think you don’t know the answer; rather, read all the answer choices. Sometimes a question that seems difficult will be less so after you review the options you are given.When it comes down to it, the ACT only tests basic academic skills. Even if a question appears to ask about an unfamiliar subject, you might be able to solve it using simple logic. If you can only find one answer choice that's clearly incorrect, you'll still have a better shot at guessing the right answerfrom the remaining three choices, so don't be afraid- go for it! Strategy 2: Pick a Guessing Letter Before the Test What if you really, really can’t eliminate any answers?On these ACT questions, it's best to pick the same letter answer choice every time.In truth, you have a higher likelihood of getting questions right by guessing the same letter every time than by skipping around. But why? The reason is twofold.For one, using a guessing letter saves you time and ensures a random guess. If you've already decided you're going to go with a certain letter regardless of the question, you can preserve randomness and count on the law of averages to give you around one question correct out of every four guesses. If you skip around with your guesses, you're probably not guessing randomly, which means you're more likely to fall prey to the ACT's traps. The test will try to trick you with answer choices that seem more likely to be correct at first glance but are purposely placed there to ensnare unwitting students. If you don't pick a guessing letter beforehand, you're more likely to fall prey to these appealing but incorrect answers by making a guess that's not truly random. Pick one A through D letter (A, B, C, or D) and one F through J letter (F, G, H, or J) at random before the ACT,and stick to it for allofyour guesses.You can also plan to guess those letters on questions for which you've eliminated one or more answer choices (provided the guessing letters don't correspond with the choices you've already eliminated). BUBBLESSSS! The bubbles! Your bubbles. That you should always fill in on the ACT. (Please tell me you've all seen Finding Nemo.) Strategy 3: Move On and Guess Later Many students make the mistake of lingering on questions they don’t know, causing them to lose time that would be better spent on easier questions.If you really don’t know the correct answer, don’t waste your time dwelling on the question. But what's considered "wasting your time"? The ACT has pretty narrow time constraints. Here's a chart with an overview of the time limits on each section of the test: ACT Section Total Time # of Questions Time per Question English 45 minutes 75 36 seconds Math 60 minutes 60 60 seconds Reading 35 minutes 40 53 seconds Science 35 minutes 40 53 seconds On English, you get around 36 secondsto answer each question, so you should be able to figure out a strategy within the first 10 seconds or you need to skip it. By contrast, with Math,you get a minute on average for each question. If you haven't figured out a strategy to answer a question in the first 30 seconds of looking at it, move on to the next one. Reading and Science each give you around 53 seconds to answer each question, so for both sections 20 seconds or less per question is a good rule of thumb. Most of the time, you won't have to time yourself to realize when you're momentarily stumped. If you've read a question thoroughly and still feel unsure about how to solve it, skip it for now. At the end, you can come back to all the questions you skipped and see whether you're able to eliminate any answer choices before guessing. Overall, you really shouldn't be afraid of guessing on the ACT.I know all you perfectionists out there will be biting your nails at the possibility of guessing incorrectly (high school me certainly would be!). But don't sweat it.There’s nothing more you can do in that moment on the test to ensure that you choose the correct answer.If you get it wrong, you won’t lose points anyway! Strategy 4: Check Your Bubbles Before the Section Ends Another important point to emphasize is that you should always recheck your answer sheetthe last minute of a section to make sure all the bubbles are filled in. As I have said, no penalty for guessing means lots and lots of bubbling. Start training yourself to make dark marks in small circles, my friends, because you're going to want to fill in every bubble in sight on the ACT (not really every bubble ... I got carried away). Seriously, though, there's no reason to ever leave an ACT question blank! Don't cheat yourself by forgetting to answer a question you previously skipped in a section. For every four bubbles you leave blank, you miss out on one potential extra point on average, which can sometimes raise your score by a whole composite point. Most other students will be doing this, too. If you don't, you are essentially putting yourself at a disadvantage! Strategy 5: Plan by Considering Your Target ACT Score If you know your target ACT score, you can use this goal to help yourself feel a little more comfortable about guessing (or push yourself to find a solution to a question you're having trouble with). Here's an example of an official ACT scoring chart. This chart indicates how raw ACT scores (i.e., the number of questions you answered correctly on a section) generally convert into final scaled scores in the 1-36 range(I say "generally" asthese scores translate differently on each ACT): You can use this chart to figure out what your raw score needs to be in order to arrive at your target scaled score for a particular ACT section. Then, you'll know how many questions you can afford to answer incorrectly in each section. This is an easy way to take the stress out of guessing. If you already feel confident on enough ACT questions to reach your target score, the questions you aren't sure about are just potential bonus points. Also, if you find yourself guessing a lot on ACT practice testsand it's preventing you from reaching your target score, make sure youmark every question you guessed on (even if you got it right). This way, you can come back to it later and work on understanding the correct answer. Summary: The Best ACT Guessing Strategies To sum up, guessing on the ACT can be extremely beneficial. There are no point penalties on the test, so any (wrong) guesses you make won't count against you. Once again, here are the five ACT guessing strategies covered above: Always guess on the ACT! Fill in every bubble. There's no penalty, so just go for it. Eliminate wrong answers- always try to get rid of as many answer choices as possible before making your guess. Pick guessing letters(one for A, B, C, and D; and one for F, G, H, and J) before you take the ACT to use as your go-tos for blind guessing. Don’t spend too much time on questions that stump you. Be aware of your target ACT score when guessing so you have a clearer idea as to how many questions you can afford to get wrong. Good luck! What's Next? Want to practice these guessing strategies?Downloadthese free official ACT practice testsand our picks for the best ACT prep books to get started! Check out our article on how to get a 36 on ACT Reading,where we discuss in more detail how to eliminate wrong answer choices for this tricky section. You should alsotake a look at the best way to review your mistakes on the ACT.Hopefully you are doing some practice tests before you take the actual exam so you can target your weaknesses and avoid having to guess too much! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

New Yorks Most Notorious Neighborhood

New Yorks Most Notorious Neighborhood It is impossible to overstate how notorious the lower Manhattan neighborhood called the Five Points was throughout the 1800s. It was said to be the roost of gang members and criminals of all types, and was widely known, and feared, as the home turf of flamboyant gangs of Irish immigrants. The reputation of the Five Points was so widespread that when the famous author Charles Dickens visited New York on his first trip to America in 1842, the chronicler of Londons underside wanted to see it for himself. Nearly 20 years later, Abraham Lincoln visited the Five Points during a visit to New York while he was considering running for president. Lincoln spent time at a Sunday school run by reformers trying to change the neighborhood and stories of his visit appeared in newspaper months later, during his 1860 campaign. The Location Provided the Name The Five Points took its name because it marked the intersection of four streets- Anthony, Cross, Orange, and Little Water- which came together to form an irregular intersection with five corners. In the past century, the Five Points has essentially disappeared, as streets have been redirected and renamed. Modern office buildings and courthouses have been constructed on what had been a slum known around the world. Population of the Neighborhood The Five Points, in the mid-1800s, was known primarily as an Irish neighborhood. The public perception at the time was that the Irish, many of whom were fleeing the Great Famine, were criminal by nature. And the appalling slum conditions and pervasive crime of the Five Points only contributed to that attitude. While the neighborhood was predominantly Irish in the 1850s, there were also African-Americans, Italians, and various other immigrant groups. The ethnic groups living in close proximity created some interesting cultural cross-pollination, and legend holds that tap dancing developed in the Five Points. African American dancers adapted moves from Irish dancers, and the result was American tap dancing. Shocking Conditions Prevailed Reform movements of the mid-1800s spawned pamphlets and books detailing horrendous urban conditions. And it seems that mentions of the Five Points always figure prominently in such accounts. Its hard to know how accurate the lurid descriptions of the neighborhood are, as the writers generally had an agenda and an obvious reason to exaggerate. But accounts of people essentially packed into small spaces and even underground burrows seem so common that they are probably true. The Old Brewery A large building which had been a brewery in colonial times was a notorious landmark in the Five Points. It was claimed that up to 1,000 poor people lived in the Old Brewery, and it was said to be a den of unimaginable vice, including gambling and prostitution and illegal saloons. The Old Brewery was torn down in the 1850s, and the site was given over to a mission whose purpose was to try to help neighborhood residents. Famous Five Points Gangs There are many legends about street gangs which formed in the Five Points. The gangs had names like the Dead Rabbits, and they were known to occasionally fight pitched battles with other gangs in the streets of lower Manhattan. The notoriety of the Five Points gangs was immortalized in the classic book Gangs of New York by Herbert Asbury, which was published in 1928. Asburys book was the basis of the Martin Scorsese film Gangs of New York, which portrayed the Five Points (though the film was criticized for many historical inaccuracies). While much of what has been written about the Five Points Gangs was sensationalized, if not entirely fabricated, the gangs did exist. In early July 1857, for example, the Dead Rabbits Riot was reported by the New York City newspapers. In days of confrontations, members of the Dead Rabbits emerged from the Five Points to terrorize members of other gangs. Charles Dickens Visited the Five Points The famed author Charles Dickens had heard about the Five Points and made a point of visiting when he came to New York City. He was accompanied by two policemen, who took him inside buildings where he saw residents drinking, dancing, and even sleeping in cramped quarters. His lengthy and colorful description of the scene appeared in his book American Notes. Below are excerpts: Poverty, wretchedness, and vice, are rife enough where we are going now. This is the place: these narrow ways, diverging to the right and left, and reeking everywhere with dirt and filth...Debauchery has made the very houses prematurely old. See how the rotten beams are tumbling down, and how the patched and broken windows seem to scowl dimly, like eyes that have been hurt in drunken frays...So far, nearly every house is a low tavern; and on the bar-room walls, are coloured prints of Washington, and Queen Victoria of England, and the American eagle. Among the pigeon-holes that hold the bottles, are pieces of plate-glass and coloured paper, for there is, in some sort, a taste for decoration, even here...What place is this, to which the squalid street conducts us? A kind of square of leprous houses, some of which are attainable only by crazy wooden stairs without. What lies beyond this tottering flight of steps, that creak beneath our tread? AÂ  miserable room, lighted by one dim cand le, and destitute of all comfort, save that which may be hidden in a wretched bed. Beside it, sits a man, his elbows on his knees, his forehead hidden in his hands...(Charles Dickens, American Notes) Dickens went on at considerable length describing the horrors of the Five Points, concluding, all that is loathsome, drooping, and decayed is here. By the time Lincoln visited, nearly two decades later, much had changed in the Five Points. Various reform movements had swept through the neighborhood, and Lincolns visit was to a Sunday school, not a saloon. By the late 1800s, the neighborhood went through profound changes as laws were enforced and the dangerous reputation of the neighborhood faded away. Eventually, the neighborhood simply ceased to exist as the city grew. The location of the Five Points today would be roughly located under a complex of court buildings constructed in the early 20th century.

The Experiences of Nursing Students with Dyslexia Essay

The Experiences of Nursing Students with Dyslexia - Essay Example The work under study discussed the plight of nursing students that live with dyslexia. As one of the preliminary signs of believability of the report (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007), it is well laid out, avoiding any unnecessary jargon, applying the use of good grammar and hence very believable to the reader. The title of the work is fully reflective of the content of the report, it displays an element of conciseness, clarity, and accuracy, given the content of the paper. The author of this report is credible, which is another requirement for believability (Gomm, 2004). Caroline Ridley is an expert in her field, given that she is a Senior Lecturer on adult nursing at the School of Health, Psychology and Social Care, at the Manchester Metropolitan University. The abstract of the paper accurately outlines the key components of the report, bringing out the aim of the study, the methodology used, the findings of the study and finally the conclusion of the study. Such are the components o f a good abstract (Ellis, 2013). Ridley’s (2011) work on pre-registration nursing students is backed by a clearly outlined rationale for undertaking the research. The author points out that dyslexia is a prevalent disability among the student population, which has warranted studies on the subject. She points out that there is limited research on healthcare practitioners that are suffering from dyslexia, despite the high rate of prevalence of these. The literature review conducted by the author is quite comprehensive. She applies a unique blend of old and recent literature on the topic, that is, by reviewing Shuler (1990) and Shallenberger (1993), and then going ahead to review a wide variety of more recently completed works such as that by Goode (2007) and Hartley et al. (2008). The literature review is satisfactory towards the philosophical underpinnings of the study (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007), that is, it adequately presents some of the issues faced by nursing students with dyslexia. For example, according to Morris and Turnbull (2006), these students are subjected to attitudinal boundaries by others around them. Dale and Taylor (2001) point out effects such as frustration and low self-esteem among these dyslexic students. The literature review is able to amply fulfill its objectives of bringing out some of the issues that dyslexic medical practitioners have to contend with. Ridley (2011) gives the aim of her study as ‘to explore the experiences of pre-registration nursing students with dyslexia at one university.’ This aim is clearly stated, bringing important factors such as the student population under study and the factor under study (Kumar, 2010). The aim is consistent with the research question, which is to highlight the experiences of nursing students that have dyslexia. Ethically, the research is on par with the standards set for research (Polit & Beck, 2011). These standards require that participants are made fully aware of the nature of the study (Polit & Beck, 2011).  

Read the sources and summarize them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Read the sources and summarize them - Essay Example The Haymarket riot or Haymarket massacre was a struggle for workers’ rights and has become a symbol of the rights of workers internationally. The incident highlighted the increasing confrontations that were taking place between the workers and the industrialists. The workers having formed unions were agitating for greater power and economic security as well as better working conditions in the workplaces. Since 1889 it has been associated with international Labor Day celebrated on May 1 every year. The riot took place on May 4, a day after police intervention between strikers who wanted to return to work and those who tried to prevent them, during a strike at McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in Chicago. The strike was part of a workers campaign for 8 hour working days. The labor leaders called a meeting at Haymarket square to protest the police action and the governor was present as an observer. After most of the demonstrators had dispersed peacefully, a bomb was thrown by an unidentified person and the violence that followed a peaceful meeting, led to several deaths. The riot created an atmosphere of distrust and frenzy against immigrant workers and labor leaders. Amidst allegations and counter allegations eight people were convicted of murder, although nothing was ever proved against any of them. Of the eight known as the Chicago Eight, four were hanged on November 11 1887 while one committed suicide. When the remaining three sent a mercy petition to the then governor of Illinois, a few years later, it was found that the judge and jury had been biased and evidence fabricated against the defendants. They were therefore pardoned to the dismay of industrialists and the press. The pardon was a shot in the arm for those in favor of labor reform. Mary Harris Jones who worked as an organizer for the Knights of Labor passionately declared â€Å"I long to see the day when Labor will have the destiny of the nation in

What factors influencing Chinese parents tosend their children to Literature review

What factors influencing Chinese parents tosend their children to study abroad - Literature review Example China’s system and policies for education have a number of weaknesses and areas for development for likely investment that cause parents to send their children overseas for better studies. Author Ryan discusses reforms on higher learning in China and compares them to those of international economies. According to Ryan, the influential hand of economic and political realities overwhelms modern relative and overseas studies of higher learning reforms (Ryan, 2011). Ryan’s text tries to provide an alternative cultural standpoint to explore the development and conversion of China’s higher learning system. The book argues that China’s culture philosophies affect the development of higher learning (Ryan, 2011). Even so, Ryan notes that current scientific literature does not offer his argument adequate attention. Researchers Li, Liu and Zhang, approximated returns made in the education sector in urban China in 2012. In this study, Li et al experientially approximated the return to learning through a twins model of data. The research’s regular least-squares model approximated that a single year of learning raised a Chinese student’s income by 8.4% (Li, Liu and Zhang 2012). When Li et al used the twins model, this return decreased to 2.7%, but increased to 3.8% after the adjustment of measurement error. These findings indicated that a huge part of the approximated returns to learning occurred because of absent ability or the family impact (Li et al., 2012). According to Li et al, this was proof that the return of education was low in urban China because of its current education system. In 2012, Li et al studied the medical learning system in China in an attempt to understand the country’s national education system. According to Li et al, China is undergoing a crisis of poor and ruined doctor-patient relationships, which officials deny openly. Li et al says there are multiple reasons for the distrust

Nike Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nike Corporation - Case Study Example Founded in the year 1972 by a man named Philip Knight who is the co-founder and the Chairman today and by Bill Bowerman both set out with a dream and that has gradually taken the shape of reality. Nike has its head quarters situated in the United States of America and to be more specific it is situated in Beaverton, Oregon. The word Nike has been adapted and taken from the word Nike which was the name of a Greek Goddess of Victory. Nike today has many product lines each of which cater to different sports and sport areas, names such as Nike golf, Nike pro, and Air Jordan are just a few of the lot. And these names are also vastly known as trusted when it comes to the various products that are manufactured and marketed under them. Nike is one company that produces a very widespread range of sports equipment. The first ever products that Nike produced were shoes that could be used as track running shoes and shoes that could be used to play basket ball. Once that started going well they began manufacturing different kinds of sports wear such as jackets and trousers for tennis, football, and cricket etc. Nike belongs to the sportswear and sports equipment manufacturing industry and when it comes to athletic shoes, apparel and other sports equipment it is known to one of the major American suppliers. Nike currently has factories in many countries come of which are China, Taiwan, India, Turkey and Pakistan etc, and to date has about 500 factories working at manufacturing their products. The biggest rivals of Nike currently in the market of sportswear and sports equipment are quite a lot as Nike is seen as a threat to many sports and even some fashion brands but the leading rivals are Reebok which came along in the year 1980. After that the advent of Adidas brought its own level of threat and the rivalry increased for Nike. The board of directors for Nike contains people such as Mark Parker, Timothy D. Cook and Jill Ker Conway. CURRENT SUCCESS STATEGY: The story behind or the reason behind Nike being such a successful company is embedded in its marketing strategies. Besides the advertisement and promotions of its many products there has always been deep focus by the heads of this company on the following details which has lead to it being the leading brand name today. Pricing is one of those details the price of Nike products has always been higher than that pf competitors, its products have always been kept to go with the changing trends and are always upgraded to fit new profiles and the new generation. Placement of sales outlets has been another key detail that has helped. And last but not least the advertisement of its products being shown and made in different times and languages to accommodate their consumers with full understanding and satisfaction guaranteed. That all combined with its catchy brand slogan "just do it" gives the consumer a reliable, trendy and durable product

What are the main political implications of the privatisation of Essay

What are the main political implications of the privatisation of security - Essay Example Therefore, any security move for any nation cannot avoid having political implications since this act as benchmark to access the capabilities of the political leaders to offer protection to their citizens. Over the years, many nations have viewed security as the sole role of the government and hence they have seen military jobs as a different kind of job. Many have considered security as an aspect that they have paid for through tax remittances and therefore they have been the biggest opposes to the idea of privatizing security for quite some time (Singer, 2008, p. 8). In the United States, the whole concept of privatizations traces its way back in the 19th century by the use of private firms in the rail service provision. Security privatization was one of the largest privatization initiatives that the United States embarked on in the 20th century during the Second World War by privatizing part of the defense functions (Chesterman & Fisher, 2009, p.16). The motivation for this government to private collusion was the increased need for operational and technical support during that time of the war. Ever since that period, this kind of partnership has never ceased between these public and private companies. This trend in security partnership especially in the military has given rise to numerous private security firms (PSCs) which have specialized in a range of activities, which the United States government has been keen to privatize. The major areas that these companies have concentrated on include assessing security risk, offering intelligence support, strategic planning, technical assistant and operational supplement (Singer, 2008). The ramifications that the privatization of security offers all lie in the political arena since security from the onset was a government role which the political leader as the steers. Several analysts discuss that as much

Nike Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nike Corporation - Case Study Example Founded in the year 1972 by a man named Philip Knight who is the co-founder and the Chairman today and by Bill Bowerman both set out with a dream and that has gradually taken the shape of reality. Nike has its head quarters situated in the United States of America and to be more specific it is situated in Beaverton, Oregon. The word Nike has been adapted and taken from the word Nike which was the name of a Greek Goddess of Victory. Nike today has many product lines each of which cater to different sports and sport areas, names such as Nike golf, Nike pro, and Air Jordan are just a few of the lot. And these names are also vastly known as trusted when it comes to the various products that are manufactured and marketed under them. Nike is one company that produces a very widespread range of sports equipment. The first ever products that Nike produced were shoes that could be used as track running shoes and shoes that could be used to play basket ball. Once that started going well they began manufacturing different kinds of sports wear such as jackets and trousers for tennis, football, and cricket etc. Nike belongs to the sportswear and sports equipment manufacturing industry and when it comes to athletic shoes, apparel and other sports equipment it is known to one of the major American suppliers. Nike currently has factories in many countries come of which are China, Taiwan, India, Turkey and Pakistan etc, and to date has about 500 factories working at manufacturing their products. The biggest rivals of Nike currently in the market of sportswear and sports equipment are quite a lot as Nike is seen as a threat to many sports and even some fashion brands but the leading rivals are Reebok which came along in the year 1980. After that the advent of Adidas brought its own level of threat and the rivalry increased for Nike. The board of directors for Nike contains people such as Mark Parker, Timothy D. Cook and Jill Ker Conway. CURRENT SUCCESS STATEGY: The story behind or the reason behind Nike being such a successful company is embedded in its marketing strategies. Besides the advertisement and promotions of its many products there has always been deep focus by the heads of this company on the following details which has lead to it being the leading brand name today. Pricing is one of those details the price of Nike products has always been higher than that pf competitors, its products have always been kept to go with the changing trends and are always upgraded to fit new profiles and the new generation. Placement of sales outlets has been another key detail that has helped. And last but not least the advertisement of its products being shown and made in different times and languages to accommodate their consumers with full understanding and satisfaction guaranteed. That all combined with its catchy brand slogan "just do it" gives the consumer a reliable, trendy and durable product

Learning to Look Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning to Look - Essay Example This feature makes it be more attractive to youth who participates in various activities such as games. Secondly, the products come in various colors in order to satisfy the interests of diverse range of customers. Different customers prefer products that have been branded using specific colors. In order to satisfy all market segments, Pepsi Company has branded the products using ribbons of different colors. Third, the products have been packed using different masses. This is to cater for different age groups ranging from small children to adults. Fourth, the bottle surface is rough rather than smooth an aspect that would make it not to slip from the hands of the users. Lastly, the products have been presented in different forms. These include unflavored and flavored water. This makes the customer to select his/her choice of the product (MacRury 2009). Three principles of art are well represented in this advert. First, art principle that is represented is repetition. The name Aquafina has been repeated in all related products. This makes the products to be distinct. Secondly, an aspect of variety is seen through the advert. The company has advertised variety of the products in order to attract different parts of the customers. In addition, this is aimed at increasing the market size. Lastly, the principle of unity is also well presented. All products are presented in one magazine an aspect that creates a unifying factor towards the products. This plays a very great role in segmenting the market. The product being advertised is refreshment. It has been advertised in youth magazine as a result, the major target of the advert is the teenagers. The text accompanying the product is simple to understand an aspect that makes the readers understand the use of the product. The clear image characterizes the product as of high quality and healthy for human consumption. This would

The Spread of the Renaissance Essay Example for Free

The Spread of the Renaissance Essay What do Da Vinci, Petrarch, Alberti, Erasmus and Shakespeare have in common? More than just being from Europe, these great men of arts and literature all flourished during the Medieval Ages. They are all product of the renaissance period and greatly enriched the development of philosophy and humanism during this period right after the Dark Ages. Renaissance, which literally means â€Å"rebirth† in French, was a cultural movement in Europe. This era took place mainly in Italy then later spread throughout Europe from 14th to 17th centuries. Generally, it was characterized by the revival of learning based on classical sources in the fields of philosophy, religion, politics, literature, arts and science. The primary subject of renaissance was humanism. People believed in the active search for knowledge instead of accepting what already existed (â€Å"Renaissance†, 2007). It was the time when the ancient Greek and Roman literature were rediscovered and relearned. The recovery was headed by Giovanni Boccaccio and Francesco Petrarch. Instead of writing in Latin, which was the lingua franca of the church and the elite during that era, these writers wrote in Italian. This paved the way for other writers succeeding them to follow their beginning. These writers wrote epic poems all in Italian. In Italy, the spread of public knowledge in religious and secular understanding was due to the establishments of public libraries and translation of classical Latin works into vernaculars. One significant work was that of Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, which gave light to a study of modern politics. The spread of Renaissance in other parts of Europe came in the mid-15th to 16th century. It was exported to France by King Charles the VIII after he invaded Italy. The exportation included Italian artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, Francois Rebelais, Pierre de Ronsard and Michael de Mantaigne. Da Vinci, on one hand, has built for France spectacular palaces. He was renowned for his great works like Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, two artistic renditions that has transpired through ages. He had become one of the famous icons of the Renaissance. The wave also reached Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Spain and Germany though the centers of this movement came to be France and England. In England, more than simply the expansion of the arts, Renaissance also impacted the religious practices and beliefs. The period is closely related to the Protestant Reformation that divided the powerful Roman Catholic Church. The reformation led by Martin Luther brought forth the creation of other religious movements — Calvinism, Presbyterianism, Anabaptism and Anglicanism. On the other hand, writers like William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, John Milton and Edmund Spencer gave life the English literature. Shakespeare has already become the greatest embodiment of classical English literature. The Renaissance Age truly gave birth to new understanding of previously acclaimed knowledge of the arts. Furthermore, it has paved a way for more knowledge and ideas to flourish. Not only that the Italians are the masters that provided inspiration (â€Å"Defining the Renaissance†, 2007) but it had come to give justice to the arts of other countries. Though it was mainly focused in Europe, the effect, impact and influence of the era has traversed many continents, races and generations. The movements, products, inventions and ideologies that were created during that era are still regarded until this present to be the exemplary and catalyst for the current movements. The Modern era has been greatly influenced by this period of history. References: Renaissance. (2007). Research Machines. Retrieved September 17, 2007 from http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0011726.html Defining the Renaissance (2007). Looking at the Renaissance. Retrieved September 17, 2007 from http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/renaissance2/defining.htm

Positive and negative effects of Globalization

Positive and negative effects of Globalization EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Business management is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Globalization in short, points to the whole effort towards making the world global community as a one village. Globalization on business management is interconnection of international markets and managing businesses in a global industry. This includes foreign investments whereby a company expands its business and invest in foreign countries. Globalization makes business management easier and efficient for the company. Based on my research, Globalization simplifies business management in the world. This is due to the advancement in technology, transport, communication, education, and regulations of trade that makes trade fair to all parties. This attracts more people to engage in international business and international trade. Managers within the global face a lot of challenges due to high competition in the industry, good decisions must be made in order to satisfy and maintain their customers and attract more customers for their products. Companies enjoy economies of scale in the business due to reduction of cost in the management. This report explores a range of interlinking questions, starting with what is globalization, what are the effects of globalization in developing countries and developed countries, this is in terms of positive and negative effects. Globalization is something that affects all of us, no matter what our profession or interest is. Globalization is a very wide and a very important focus of discussion. I spent time researching what it is and the effects it has in developed countries and developing countries. So in this report I will define what globalization is and the effects according based on my research. Globalization despite having benefits to the world, it also has a negative effects of it. INTRODUCTION. Globalization in short, points to the whole effort towards making the world global community as a one village. Goods that were only found in western countries can now be found across the globe. Now under developed areas can enjoy the benefits of scientific advances and industrial progress available in developed countries for the improvement and growth of their areas. Because of globalization the economies of the world are being increasingly integrated, example mobile phones and internet have brought people closer. The world is becoming a smaller place. Work can be outsourced to any part of the world that has an internet connection because of improvements in traffic infrastructure one is able to reach ones destination in a short time. Globalization can also be defined as an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and trade. The process of globalization includes a number of factors which are rapid technology developments that make global communications possible, political developments such as the fall of communism, and transportation developments that make traveling faster and more frequent. These produce greater development opportunities for companies with the opening up of additional markets, allow greater customer harmonization as a result of the increase in shared cultural values, and provide a superior competitive position with lower operating costs in other countries and access to new raw materials, resources, and investment opportunities. Globalization through global communications, global markets and global production have promoted and facilitated by a fourth area of global activity in relation to money. For example, the American dollar, the Japanese yen, Euro and other major national currencies circulate globally. They are being used anywhere on earth and moving electronically and via air transport anywhere in effectively no time. Most bankcards can extract cash in local currency from the thousands of automated teller machines (ATMs) across the world. Also credit cards like Visa, MasterCard and American Express can be used for payments in almost every country in the globe (Scholte J.A., 2000). People can move from one country to another, trade restrictions are reducing, domestic markets are opening up for foreign investments, telecommunications are better established and the countries that are leading the innovations are passing on their technologies to other countries in need (Kulkami A., 2009). EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. Globalization has brought benefits in developed countries as well as negative effects. The positive effects include a number of factors which are education, trade, technology, competition, investments and capital flows, employment, culture and organization structure. POSITIVE EFFECTS It would be rather difficult to discuss the extent of the positives that globalization has had on the world at large. But still, here are some of the positive effects of globalization and the positive impacts they have had on so many demographic segments of society. Global market. Most successful emerging markets in developed countries are a result of privatization of state owned industries. In order for these industries to increase consumer demand many of them are attempting to expand and extend their value chain to an international level. The impact of globalization on business management is seen by the sudden increase of number of transactions across the borders. In protecting yields and maintaining competitiveness, businesses are continuing to develop a wide range of their footprint as it lowers cost and enjoys economies of scale (Shah A.,2009) Multinational corporations is a result of globalization. They occupy a central role within the process of globalization as evidenced through global foreign direct investment inflows. Their concentrations within Europe in western economies has led to size constraints, therefore there is a need for new geographical areas to operate whereby they will face a lot of competition in the market. Through this they will enlarge their market and enjoy economies of scale as globalization facilitates time space compression, economies compete at all levels including that of attracting investors (Smith V.A and Omar M.,2005). Cross-cultural management Globalization tend to be the realm of elite because in many parts of the world they are the only people who are affluent enough to buy many of the products available in the global marketplace. Highly educated and wealthy people from different backgrounds interact within a westernized milieu. Western styles, since are symbols of affluence and power, the elite often embraces western styles of products and pattern of behavior in order to impress others. Today Western culture and patterns of behavior and language are staples of international business (Asgary N. and Walle A.H.,2002). United states seems to have powerful impact upon many other countries and societies. The world today has a popular cultural force. The popular consumer culture of the economically dominant West is relentlessly and inevitably transforming other regions, cultures, nations and societies. In addition, such perspective imply that technological change, mass media, and consumer oriented marketing campaigns work in tandem to remake whatever they touch in their own image. Even attitudes and ideas about society, religion and technology are transformed by cultural diffusion brought by globalization. Example, in America McDonalds represent fast, cheap and convenient food while it is not the same worldwide. Its of high price in other countries like China and Russia where it involves cultural experience (Walle A.H, 2002) Foreign trade Globalization has created and expanded foreign trade in the world. Things that were only found in developed countries can now be found in other countries across the world. People can now get whatever they want and from any country. Through this developed countries can export their goods to other countries. Countries do business through international trade, whereby they import and export goods across the global. These countries which export goods get comparative advantages. Organizations have been established with a view to control and regulate the trade activities of the countries in the world so to have fair trade. World trade organizations emerged as a powerful international organization capable effectively influencing individual governments to follow international trade rules, copyrights, policies on subsidies, taxes and tariffs. Nations can not break rules without facing economic consequences (Piaseck R. and Wolnicki M., 2004) . The number of nations that are dependent on trade, foreign capital, and the world financial markets increased greatly. Countries engaged in foreign trade enjoy comparative advantage. The post Recardian trade theories predicted that specialization in labor and capital intensive goods would bridge enormous wage gaps between the poor and the rich countries, that is the developing and developed countries, sparing the latter from massive labor immigration (Gerber J., 2002). Resource Imperative Developed countries need natural and human resources of the developing countries while developing countries need capital, technology and brainpower of the wealthier countries. Developed countries economies are increasingly dependent on the natural and human resources of the developing nations. Growing interdependence of nations and their activities on one another fostered by the depletion of natural resources; as well as overpopulation (Harris P.R.,2002). Foreign investment One of the most visible positive effects of globalization in India is the flow of foreign capital. A lot of companies have directly invested in India, by starting production units in India, but what we also need to see is the amount of Foreign Investment Inflow that flows into the developing countries. Indian companies which have been performing well, both in India and off the shores, will attract a lot of foreign investment, and thus pushes up the reserve of foreign exchange available in India. This is also one of the positive effects of globalization in US and other developed countries as developing countries give them a good investment proposition. Managers objectives might not be the same with those of stockholders in some situations. The more complex the corporation the more difficult it is for shareholders to monitor managements actions whereby it provides the managers more freedom to act in their own self interest at the expense of shareholders. Multinational firms are more complex than national firms. Managers might favor international diversification because it reduces firm specific risk or adds to their prestige. These goals might be of little interest to shareholders. This divergence of interests between shareholders and managers, might reduce the value of multinationals relative to domestic firms (Saudagaran S.M.,2002) Competition One of the most visible positive effects of globalization is the improved quality of products due to globe competition. Customer service and the customer is the king approaches to production have led to improved quality of products and services. As the domestic companies have to fight out foreign competition, they are compelled to raise their standards and customer satisfaction levels in order to survive in the market. Besides, when a global brand enters a new country, it comes in riding on some goodwill, which it has to live up to. This creates competition in the market and a survival of the fittest situation. Culture The positive effects of globalization on culture are many! Not all good practices were born in one civilization. The world that we live in today is a result of several cultures coming together. People of one culture, if receptive, tend to see the flaws in their culture and pick up the culture which is more correct or in tune with the times. Societies have become larger as they have welcomed people of other civilizations and backgrounds and created a whole new culture of their own. Cooking styles, languages and customs have spread all due to globalization. The same can be said about movies, musical styles and other art forms. They too have moved from one country to another, leaving an impression on a culture which has adopted them. Legal Effects Increased media coverage draws the attention of the world to human rights violations. This leads to improvement in human rights. Global economic growth does not necessarily make people happier, worldwide free trade, should also benefit humanity as well as protect nature, not just reward managers and stockholders. Those who would be authentic leaders need to address inequalities. Globalization should promote openness and information along with exchange with greater democracy and prosperity (Harris P.R., 2002). Gone are the days where the limited jurisdiction became a hindrance in the prosecution of criminals. These days due to international courts of justice, these criminals can no longer seek asylum in a foreign country, but will be brought forward and there will be justice. Due to globalization, there is also an understanding between the security agencies and the police of two or more different countries who will come together to curbglobal terrorism. Hence, it is now possible to catch the perpetrators of crime irrespective of which country they choose to hide in. This is undoubtedly one of the greatest positive effects of globalization on society. NEGATIVE EFFECTS Globalization also have its side effects to the developed nations. These include some factors which are jobs insecurity, fluctuation in prices, terrorism, fluctuation in currency, capital flows and so on. JOBS INSECURITY. In developed countries people have jobs insecurity. People are losing their jobs. Developed nations have outsourced manufacturing and white collar jobs. That means less jobs for their people. This is because the manufacturing work is outsourced to countries where the costs of manufacturing goods and wages are lower than in their countries. They have outsourced to developing countries like China and India. Most people like accountants, programmers, editors and scientists have lost jobs due to outsourcing to cheaper locations like India. Globalization has led to exploitation of labor. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap goods. In practice, however, the recent experience in Latin America has been that many such open-handed multinationals moved their operations to, for example, China or South East Asia because of cost and market considerations(Piasecki R. and Wolnicki M., 2004). FLUCTUATION IN PRICES. Globalization has led to fluctuation in price. Due to increase in competition, developed countries are forced to lower down their prices for their products, this is because other countries like China produce goods at a lower cost that makes goods to be cheaper than the ones produced in developed countries. So, in order for the developed countries to maintain their customers they are forced to reduce prices of their goods. This is a disadvantage to them because it reduces the ability to sustain social welfare in their countries. EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. POSITIVE EFFECTS. I know that globalization has also created many negative effects, but I believe its always better to look to the future with optimism and hope. Tomorrow, hopefully, we will be able to minimize or even eradicate the evil forces that give globalization a bad name. Thus we will be able to move forward with peace and harmony(Kulkami A., 2009) Poverty alleviation As far as poverty reduction is concerned, globalization played a role in poverty reduction in developing countries. In deed most developed countries experienced reduction in poverty in the proportion of their living below the poverty line, including fast developing countries like China, India, Vietnam. While other countries like Sub-Saharan Africa registered an opposite trend (Lee E., 2006). Employment situation. Through globalization, people from different countries are provided with jobs opportunities within the global. It has created the concept of outsourcing. Developed countries prefer to provide work to developing countries where costs are cheap. Work such as customer support, software development, accounting, marketing and insurance are given to developing countries like India. Therefore the country that is given the work enjoys by getting jobs. It has given an opportunity to invest in the emerging markets and tap up the talent which is available there. In developing countries, there is often a lack of capital which hinders the growth of domestic companies and hence, employment. In such cases, due to global nature of the businesses, people of developing countries too can obtain gainful employment opportunities (Pillai P.,2008). Technology This is a powerful force that drives the world toward a converging commonality. It has proletarianized communication, transport, and travel. People from different places everywhere wants all the things they have heard about, seen, or experienced through technology. Organizations through its managements can obtain knowledge from different places in the world that can be used in the organization. Television and medias played a big role in influencing the perception of the world, from a relatively small national unity and reality, into a global market and international concerns. As multinationals establish subsidiaries in new locations, they transfer know how from the parent to the local operation. Knowledge flows from one unit to another as a whole organization benefits from development activity. One of the ways that organizations use in knowledge transfer is the movement of personnel, which takes place within multinationals. This build up a bank of knowledge about working in different situations with people from different cultures and this represents a stock of knowledge that could be developed and used to benefit the organization (Kamoche, 1997). Education. Globalization from the point of view has positive effects as well as negative effects. It has increased the access of higher education example universities and reducing the knowledge gap in developing countries, it equally has negative aspects which can seriously threaten universities in those countries. From point of view it has brought more positive effects to developing countries through increasing access to higher learning institutions. Today you can move in the search of the best educational facilities in the world including developing countries without any hindrance. This is due to increased output from secondary schools, greater participation of women in higher education, a growing private sector demand for graduates, and the exorbitant costs of acquiring education in foreign countries, especially those in the nort (Mohamedbhai G., 2002). Foreign trade Despite having negative effects of globalization, it has a good side too. One of the most significant effect it has brought to developing countries is Trade. Before people used to exchange goods for goods or services for services but now people can trade goods for money. This is mostly through International trade whereby people exports and imports goods within countries. Globalization has led to reduction of costs in trade within the globe. It has led to reduction of tax of importation of goods. According to economic theory, foreign trade is in principle, beneficial to any country engaged. The international division of labor allocates the resources more efficient whereby it increases the economic welfare of all countries engaged in foreign trade in long run (Kaitilia V and Kotilainen M., 2002). Foreign investment Foreign investment is a direct result of globalization. Foreign investment is always welcomed as it provides resources, capital and technology to a country that will support economic development of the host country. This improves employment as in direct and indirectly. Increases exports to a country and thereby improves the current account and therefore will help to the repayment of foreign debt. This however has some criticisms for leading to too much foreign control (Kaitilia V and Kotilainen M., 2002). Developing countries can use general or specific industrial and trade policies to be more or less welcoming to foreign direct investments, capital and foreign tourist services. They can directly and indirectly shape their participation in the economic activities in the globe (Piasecki R. and Wolnicki M., 2004). Market sector Globalization of markets in developing countries is growing so fast. The emergence of global markets for standardized consumer products on a previously unimagined scale of magnitude. This brought benefits which are economies of scale in production, reduced world prices, distribution, marketing and management (Levitt T., 1983) IKEA is one of the company that is growing fast in developed countries. Its market is increasing within the global. It has become the worlds largest home furnishings retailer. The managers are facing a lot of challenges in managing them (Nanda A., 1990). IKEA can now be found in so many places in the world example Malaysia. NEGATIVE EFFECTS Globalization is a tool that benefits all sections of mankind. We cannot ignore the negative effects it has in developing world. Unemployment Globalization is a blame to worlds unemployment situation though it brought some jobs opportunities. Despite the fact that it brought jobs opportunities to the global but it is still a blame to the current situation. It s true that global economic integration and increased travel have resulted in increased competitiveness at the national and enterprise levels, forcing producers to find ways to cut costs, improve efficiency, and raise productivity(Kigundu M.N.,2002). The most important factor to determine the level of employment during 1980-2000 was national or regional macroeconomic policies which were implemented and sustained. In addition those countries with liberal macroeconomic reforms, pursued politics promoting flexible labor markets and employment practices, decentralized industrial relations systems, and judicious enforcement of labor. On the other hand, countries with employment laws, regulations, and policies experienced higher level of employment because they were not able to attract and retain as many new jobs(Kiggundu M.N.,2002). For example ,Indonesia faced unemployment and poverty that grew to levels not experienced in two decades, health conditions worsened, and the natural environment degraded (Piasecki R and Wolnicki M.,2004) Spread of fast foods chain. Fast foods chain is growing very fast. But some of the most rapid growth is occurring in the developing countries, where its real changing the way people eat. Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) is the largest, fastest growing, and highest potential units (Bartlett C.,1986). Most people prefer to buy fast foods because its cheap and quick. This replaces home cooked fare enjoyed with family and friends. Traditional diets and recipes are yielding to sodas, burgers, and other highly processed and standardized items that have a lot of fat, sugar, and salt resulting a global epidemic of diabetes, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Meanwhile, fast food producers require farmers to raise uniform fields of crops and herds of livestock for easy processing, eliminating agricultural diversity. Western culture. Globalization has led to the spread of western culture and influence at the expense of local culture in developing countries like Africa. Most people now in developing countries cop what people in developed countries do. So, its like they ignore their own culture and practice western culture ( Goyal K.A., 2006). For example dressing styles and eating habits, language. All these can affect management in one way or another example it can cause misunderstandings because of language barrier. Trade Average tariff rates continue to be high in many developing countries, including some that have recently implemented trade reforms. Example,India. Trade policy continues to be an important aspect in globalization at least in some of the lower income developing countries. widespread use of computers, faxes and mobile phones, introduction of the internet and e-commerce, and quicker and cheaper means of transportation in some cases offered opportunities to developing countries, but in many cases deepened the gap between global firms and traditional industries globalization opened up new opportunities for developing countries to create jobs and expand exports. In practice, many developing countries competing for foreign investors offered longer tax holidays, costly subsidies, and various incentives for multinationals. The competition among developing nations reduced positive net effects of globalization or, at best, delayed them. REFERENCES. http://www.oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/?p=1872 http://www.unescap.org/esid/hds/issues/GlobalizationHealth.pdf http://www.un.int/turkey/3.pdf least developed countries Lee E,2006..Poverty Alleviation, from http://ftp.iza.org/dp1925.pdf ILO,GENEVA (Foreign trade) How does globalization affect developing countries economically, article 3/2002 from http://www.etla.fi/files/918_FES_02_3_developing_countries.pdf FOREIGN INVESTMENT, from http://www.etla.fi/files/918_FES_02_3_developing_countries.pdf Impacts of globalization from www.emeraldinsight.com Does globalization affect growth? http://129.3.20.41/eps/dev/papers/0210/0210004.pdf http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/dgreports/integration/documents/publication/wcms_079177.pdf http://books.google.com/books?q=effects+of+globalization&btnG=Search+Books Effects of financial globalization on developing countries by Eswar S. Prasad, Kenneth Rogoff, Shang-Jin Wei, and M.Ayhan Kose, International Monetary Fund, Washington DC,2003 from http://books.google.com/books?id=eBcFQ3DUcQEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=effects+of+globalization&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Global Employment situation, Managing globalization on developing countries, by Moses N. Kiggundu,2002 .United States Of America from http://books.google.com/books?id=OejvLdnW-oMC&pg=PA293&dq=effects+of+globalization+on+developing+countries&cd=2#v=onepage&q=effects%20of%20globalization%20on%20developing%20countries&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=BU9sU7sG3DoC&pg=PA131&dq=effects+of+globalization+on+developing+countries&lr=&cd=12#v=onepage&q=effects%20of%20globalization%20on%20developing%20countries&f=false Managing globalization on developing countries, by Moses N. Kiggundu ,2002 .United States Of America from http://books.google.com/books?id=OejvLdnW-oMC&pg=PA293&dq=effects+of+globalization+on+developing+countries&cd=2#v=onepage&q=effects%20of%20globalization%20on%20developing%20countries&f=false Effects of globalization in Latin American countries http://books.google.com/books?id=ilL3tOo8My0C&pg=PA139&dq=effects+of+globalization+on+developing+countries&cd=3#v=onepage&q=effects%20of%20globalization%20on%20developing%20countries&f=false Jobs opportuinities in devpng countries,by Prabhakar Pillai,2008, http://www.buzzle.com/articles/negative-effects-of-globalization.html Positive effects of globalizationhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/positive-effects-of-globalization.html Negative Effects of globalization in developing countrieshttp://global_india1.tripod.com/negative.htm Technology in developing countries from http://www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com/how-globalization-effects-third Effects of globalization, global market in developed countires http://www.globalissues.org/article/768/global-financial-crisis Smith V.A and Omar M.,2005, effects of globalization, www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0540170105. Effects of globalization in developing countries,infranstructure from by Smith V.A and Omar M.,2005 from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0540170105. Cross cultural management in developed countries, Nader Asgary and Alf H. Walle, volume 9, 2002 from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldabstractonlyarticle_pdf_1360090303. Foreign Investmet in developed countries,A review of the literature on the market Valuation of Multinational Firms, by Saudagaran S.M., vol 28 No. 3, 2002 from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServle_contentType=Article&Filename=published_emeraldabstractonolyarticle_pdf_0090280301. Unemployment situation in developing countries, Piasecki R and Wolnicki M.,2004 from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0060310306. International Trade in developed countries, Piasecki R and Wolnicki M.,2004 from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0060310306. Jobs insecurity in developed countries, the evolution of development economics and globalization, by Piasecki R. and Wolnicki M.,vol. 31 No.3, 2004 from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0060310306. Effects of globalization, Globalization and Its Implications on Universities in developing countries by Mohamedbhai G.,2002 from www.emeraldinsight.com_MohamedbhaIGoolam2.pdf Effects of globalization in developed countries, developing global organization, by Harris P.R vol 14 No. 6, 2002 pp 416-425 from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0540140603. http://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC954/fc954.html http://books.google.com/books?id=e2b8TvlNxJ0C&pg=PA41&dq=definition+of+globalization&cd=1#v=onepage&q=definition%20of%20globalization&f=false Impact of globalization on developing countries by Goyal K.A, Issue 5, 2006 from http://www.eurojournals.com/IRJFE%206%20goyal.pdf Ricardo D.(1911) as cited in Piasecki R. and Wolnicki M., Vol. 31 No. 3, 2004, evolution of development economics and globalization from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0060310306. Kamoche K. (1996) as cited in Kidger P.J., Vol 24 No. 1, 2002 pp.69-85, Management structure in multinational enterprises Responding to globalization from www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=Article&Filename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0190240104.

An Interpretation of My Sweet Old Etcetera by E.E. Cummings :: Cummings My Sweet Old Etcetera Essays

An Interpretation of My Sweet Old Etcetera by E.E. Cummings' "my sweet old etcetera" is part of E.E. Cummings' "is 5" collection of poetry, which was published in 1926. This poem and most of Cummings' other poetry was known for its typographic innovation. One will definitely notice that there are only two capitalized letters in the whole piece and not one period. The only punctuation mark present is the comma, creating pauses in the speech. Basically the whole poem is a big run-on sentence. "my sweet old etcetera" was written, as well as most of Cummings' other poetry, to have visual effectiveness and content as well as literary effectiveness and content. After all Cummings was a painter and an artist. He wanted people see the poetry, not just read it. In order to understand what the poem is all about, one might rewrite it and break it up into readable, complete sentences. One must also place appropriate syntax and punctuation where it needs to be. Of course, one has to remove all of the "etcetera"s in order to make a sentence that makes sense. I believe that this is a story in which E.E. Cummings is telling. It is about an experience he is having while at war and how it is effecting his family during this time. The language is not flowing because the typography, the lack of syntax and punctuation makes it confusing. The word "etcetera" was thrown in here and there, but why? This made it very difficult to understand to get the whole picture, because the word's various positions caused an interruption. The word "etcetera" means "a number of unspecified additional persons or things." or "unspecified additional items". I believe Cummings wanted to say more within the poem but thought he could get his poem across by inserting "etcetera" in various places. He also might have been trying to make a statement by telling the world, "you don't have to get a point across by using a lot of detail sometime, you don't even have to use complete sentences..or even sentences at all for that matter." my sweet old etcetera

Assignment 26 Safeguarding

15 ASSIGNMENT 26 UNDERSTAND HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE TASK A BREIFING NOTES FOR NEW WORKERS HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN Every child or young person has the undeniable right to grow and develop in a safe environment that safeguards them from abuse and maltreatment, to enable them to have the best available life chances to develop into young adults. There is no single piece of legislation for safeguarding children in the UK but lots of laws and guidelines which are changing all the time with new legislation.This is passed by Westminster, the Welsh Assembly Government, Northern Ireland Assembly and the Scottish Parliament this is Statutory Law. The way courts interpret laws is known as Case Law which can have an effect on changing Statutory Law. Child Protection legislation is in 2 categories Civil law and Criminal law. 16. Civil Law is in 2 areas Public Law which puts systems and processes to reduce the risk of children coming to harm a nd says what action should happen if they are at risk. Private Law sorts out family contact and divorce. Accompanying material: Promoting Wellbeing and ResilienceCriminal Law deals with people who have offended or are at risk of offending against children. The Children and young Persons Act 1933 is the oldest piece of legislation with only parts of it still in force today, it gives a list of offences against children known as Schedule One Offences. These include sexual assault, different forms of abuse and maltreatment ranging from murder to neglect. Anyone found guilty of one or more of these offences becomes a Schedule One Offender regardless of their age or sentence and this status will stay with them for life.They will be monitored by the local authorities who keep a record of where they live and who with, they need to go to the police station to sign a register on very regular bases to prove that they are and still living where logged Sex offenders Act 1997. Children Act 1989 is the bases of the current child protection system. It has a number of principles The Paramountcy Principl e that means a child’s welfare is paramount when making decisions about their upbringing, a court needs to know the child’s feelings and what they want and only make an order if it’s better for the hild than not making one, where possible retaining family links and the child’s home. Parental Responsibility was introduced which is â€Å"the rights, responsibilities and duties by law a parent of a child has regarding the child and their property†. It also states the local authority has a duty to investigate 17. and protect if they have reasonable cause to think a child is suffering or likely to suffer any sort of harm. Likewise has a duty to provide â€Å"services for children in need and their families†.England and Wales have a separate document working together to Safe guard Children 2006 which emphasises the responsibilities of Professionals towards children at risk and to work together with other agency’s/authorities. The Welsh Asse mbly Government 2006 working together under the Children Act 2004, The Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 and the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 all share the same principles but have their own guidance, as Children Act 1989.The death of Victoria Climbie by her carers, led to an inquiry into how she and others over the years died, the Lambing Report made by Lord Laming criticised the approach to protecting children in society thus led to EVERY CHILD MATTERS GREEN PAPER which in turn led to the Children Act 2004 as services for children were still not working together to protect and identify vulnerable children. This brought in children’s directors who have the responsibility for education, Local authority and children’s social services. Lead Councillors who have political responsibility for child welfare.A Common Assessment Framework to help notice welfare needs for agencies. 18. Local Safeguarding Children’s Boards who have statuary powers to make sure all se rvices (education, police, NHS Social Services youth justice system) work together promoting the wellbeing and make arrangements to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and investigate all child deaths in their area. Bichard Inquiry where a caretaker who was known to be a danger to children by one police authority, who’s vetting CRB check didn’t flag this up by another authority.This brought in the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 which made a centralized vetting and barring scheme for people working with children. Working with Northern Irelands safeguarding vulnerable groups (NI) order 2007 and Scotland’s protection of vulnerable groups (Scotland) Act 2007 makes a robust system for vetting staff and barring people who are unsuitable to work with children across the whole of the UK. The Children Act 2004 made it illegal to hit a child if it causes mental harm or a lasting mark on the skin.Sexual Offences Act 2003 updated the legislation relating to offences against children to include grooming, abuse of a position of trust, child trafficking; this also covers offences committed whilst abroad by a UK citizen. 19. Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 made it a criminal offence for Uk nationals or permanent UK residents to take or help take a girl abroad to carry out genital mutilation. The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 says people who commit child sex offences abroad, even if it’s not illegal in the country they committed it will still face prosecution in the UK.Data Protection Act Organisations holding personal data to keep it secure, use it only when needed and accurate and kept up to date. Child protection with in a wider concept of safeguarding All agencies, services and authorities not only have a duty to safeguarding children from neglect or abuse but to have a Staying Safe Action Plan enabling every child to enjoy safe environment wherever they spend their time. It’s vital that carers/staff have a good understanding of the risks to children’s safety.By having an up to date Safety representative making risk assessments on the venue and activities under taken, keeping them safe from accidents and promoting their welfare in a safe and healthy environment. An action Plan to safeguard from bulling, crime and in some beliefs forced marriages need to be in place. This affects the day to day child care working place by; All employees’ to be CRB checked and a duty to inform the Safeguarding Authorities if any staff or volunteer poses a threat to the children. 20.Staff must sign a confidentiality agreement, stating not to discuss or post any details of the children by word or internet to anyone except staff or local authorities if needed. Health and Safety with risk assessment made on the venue and activities taking place there. Have all windows and doors locked/secure so the children can’t get out and strangers can’t get in. Visitors to the venue can onl y be allowed in, if they are known/expected to staff and/or identification is shown. Visitors need to be signed in the visitor’s book and signed out again when they leave the building.Have a policy for the protection of children and arrangements to liaise with local safeguarding authorities Log all comments or incidents you observe and deem to be potentially harmful to establish a file, and contacting Social Services or Child Protection if a case is proving likely. Staff to be Qualified and appropriate training kept up to date i. e. First Aid, Health and Safety, Food Hygiene and Child Protection. All outings to be risked assessed, children to wear high visible jackets, the correct ratio of staff to children and a list of all children with contact details of their carer and consent for them to go on the outing.To hold all parent contact details and medical needs of all children. 21. To have a senior adequately trained member of staff to undertake all of the above. Inquiries an d Serious Case Reviews processes are required when a child dies and neglect or abuse is suspected or known to be a factor of the death and they are called in by the Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB) they involve all local Authority Children’s Services, Police, Health, School or any other agency felt needed. All involved services make a management review of its practices to see if any changes need to be made.An independent overview report is done which looks at the management reports and they make recommendations, they are commissioned by the LSCB. Ofsted are notified by the Local Authorities of all cases that lead to a Serious Case Review whether it a death or suffered harm as a result of abuse/neglect or there are concern/media coverage raised about a professional practice. The process used by my work setting regarding data information, information handling and sharing is they hold information on children in order to support their development, progress and pr ovide pastoral care and to assess how we are doing as a whole.The information consists of contact details, attendance, ethnic groups, relevant medical needs and any special educational needs. Sometime we are required to pass on data to Local Authorities; they will make an assessment of any special educational needs. Dept. Education and skills use the data for research and statistical purposes to allocate funds and improve education policy and agencies such as Ofsted they use data about progress, performance of children to help inspectors to evaluate the Early Learning settings and part of Ofsted’s assessment of effectiveness of 22.Education initiatives and policy and Qualification and curriculum Authority use information about children to administer national assessments such as the Foundation Stage Profile. At 5yrs assessment are made on all children and passed onto Local Authority. We hold information including, contact details, progress reports, relevant medical information , attendance and accident/injury records and records of observation and assessment of children’s achievement and development. Attached is a copy of our confidentiality policy and procedure.TASK B 1. Safeguarding children is important because far too many children experience abuse and/or neglect by their parents/carers. This is very sadly rising from 25,700 in 2003 to 26,400 in 2006 in England alone. 2. A person-centred approach is important as Every Child Matters so they can be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and enjoy economic well-being, having a national framework to aid the joining of all the services, to plan and meet the needs of individuals rather than a group.All children have the right to have their voices heard regarding plans and events in their lives as stated by the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child. 3. What is meant by a partnership working in the context of safeguarding children is people and agencies who ar e involved with the welfare of a child working with professionals such as Child minders, Health visitor’s, police, GP, Social Workers, School and local community. 23. 4. Organisation Role of organisationResponsibility Social Services Assessing children’s needs in the community.The wellbeing, protection and health . of the child NSPCC Identify and prevent child crueltyChild protection, ensuring an appropriate and speedy response Health VisitorAssess child development Health of the young child and work with . S/Services and Police and agencies GPHealth care to the communityGet the appropriate agencies involved and work alongside themProbation Support convicted people rehabilitate Supervise offender to reduce reoffending Protecting the public Police Criminal proceedings in Safeguardingto investigate any criminal offences. 24. School Educate young peopleMonitor the child and work with S/Service . and Child Protection Psychology Service CounsellingWork with the child and s upport them with issues regarding to the abuse Leisure groups i. e. (Scouts) Teach life skills/sportsWork with the Agencies involved and . o be trained in Child Protection. Child MinderTake care and look after young people To be trained in Child Protection so they can . Identify early abuse and work with other agencies Task C It is important to keep children protected in the work setting, as parent/carers intrust their children into your care to keep them from harm and they need to be confidant that their child is safe, failure to do so is a breach of professional values.There are policies that protect the child and adult who works with them. 25. Physical contact: Have clear policies on how to manage it. Young children need physical contact sometimes when they hurt themselves, fallen over etc. where a cuddle can help them to recover back to play, as well as medical help if needed. Too much can be easily mistaken and people have lost their jobs and reputations, you must always make sure you are clear at what is acceptable and have a clear open play area for all to see.With very young children and babies, intermit contact is used, such as nappy changing or wet clothes. Policies are there to safeguard you and the child, never do this with a door closed or out of sight of your colleagues. Photos: written consent from the parents for photos to be taken and used within the setting and their journals or publications/newsletters. Always get parents to sign to say they will only use photos/videos of the children i. e. concert and nativity for their own personal use and not to be put on the internet or social networking sites.CRB Checks: Are made on all staff to safeguard the children. Staff are in a position of trust by the parent/carer and the child. Children look up to and respect people in positions of trust, so think very carefully about your own behaviour and example you set. Listening to children can give you a lot of information and sometimes things of concern, if that is the case try not to agree to keep it a secret, tell them you will share it with your manager. Make sure you record all details and report it if you are concerned about their welfare. 26.Whistle blowing: If you have any idea of poor practice, whether it’s a colleague or manager you must report it and not ignore it. Approach another member of staff or managers tell them and put your concerns in writing with all the facts, make sure something is done. You have the right to be protected from the person you have raised concerns about (UK Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998) Outings: need to be risk assessed, outlining traffic danger, equipment, buildings and parks you’re visiting and the weather too and minimise or delete the hazard using control measures. I. e. walking in the street.Hazard: traffic and the child wondering off, so make sure you have the correct ratio of adults to children on an outing and to wear hi vis wear. The weather, a child getting wet or cold, so make sure you have the correct clothes. Steps can be difficult for young children so make sure they have adult help. Task D In the context of safeguarding children there are recognisable signs that can indicate abuse, neglect are taking place. Not all signs actually mean it is, for instance some African/Asian children can have dark blue like areas on their lower back and buttocks known as Mongolian Blue Spot.Darkened skin or birthmarks can be mistaken for bruising. One of the first signs is Emotional and behaviour rather than physical marks. Emotional Abuse is where love, acceptance and approval is not given and constantly been blamed or criticized. Signs of this can include low self-esteem, neurotic behaviour, hair twisting, continual rocking, self-harm, development delay or sudden change or problem with speech such as stammering, extreme 27. withdrawal or aggression. Emotional abuse is usually linked with neglect.Physical abuse is where a child is harmed or hurt by hittin g, beating with objects, kicked, shaken or thrown and can cause bruising, cuts, injury’s (broken bones) or even death. Signs of this can be wearing too much clothing trying to cover up, refusal to change for PE or take clothes off in the warm weather. Burns and injuries that are unexplained and reoccur, bald patch in their hair, frightened to be touched and shying or dodging back if approached and aggressive behaviour towards others and themselves. Look out for grasp marks on the body i. e.Arms, neck, chest, knees and shoulder’s, finger marks on their cheeks and outline of objects like belt buckle on their buttocks. Neglect is where a parent/carer doesn’t provide shelter, warmth, food that is nourishing, clothes and protection. Possible signs of this could include constantly hungry or stealing food the lack of normal body weight, poor personal hygiene and dress, untreated medical issues, poor or if any social relationships, constant tiredness and destructive ten dencies. Sexual abuse is when a child is persuaded or forced into taking part in sexual acts/situations.This ranges from being shown sexual images, being touch inappropriately, harassed by sexual comments and suggestions and forced to have sex. Signs of this can be sexual knowledge/behaviour far more ahead of their age, don’t like being touch or close to people or removing clothing for examination or PE at school, start to bed wet and soil day and night, withdrawn and not being able to concentrate, regressing to younger behaviour such as thumb sucking, become insecure, loss of appetite, trying to be over perfect, a sudden dislike to be left with someone (uncle, friend, babysitter etc. and drawing sexual images. 28. D2 Action Description 1. ListenListen carefully to what they say. 2. ReactionDon’t look shocked or ask leading questions. 3. CommunicateTalk at the child’s pace without pressure. 4. BelieveAccept what the child is saying. 5. AssuranceTell them they ar e right to tell someone. 6. Never PromiseNever promise to keep it a secret. 7. Never JudgeNever put the perpetrator down as they could still love them. 8. ReportReport it to your manager. 9. Log Write all the facts down. 10. AlertAlert the appropriate authorities.D3 Example of the rights children and their carer’s has in cases of harm/abuse. 1. The child has the right not to be subjected to repeated medical examination and questioning after an allegation of abuse be it physical or sexual in nature. 29. 2. Members of the family have the right to know what is being said about them and have an input to important discussions about theirs and the children’s lives. 3. Children have the right to have their views taken into account about their future and to be kept fully informed in processes involving them and dealt with sensitively.Task E Bulling: there are different types of bulling homophobic because of gender differences, racist due to different ethnic/religious backgroun d, disabilities where they might be in a wheelchair/callipers, special educational needs such as Autism etc. and electronic bulled via the internet/texting. This can be done physically by hitting, kicking, pinching and any violent threats. Verbally name calling, persistent teasing, spreading of rumours and insults/sarcasm. Emotional bulling is when someone is isolating by excluding and not talking to them, torment and humiliation.Cyber bulling is when information is used to cause upset and hurt to somebody by the use of the internet, mobile and technology. Any type of bulling can make a child or young person feel depressed, isolated, sad with a low self-esteem, shy, run away and even suicidal. Policies and Procedure Management have the duty to implement an Anti-Bulling Policy and ensure all staff is aware of it and how to deal with bullying. The manager ensures that all children begin to learn that bulling is wrong and unacceptable behaviour and monitor that it is being implemented. 30. The manager will ensure all staff is sufficiently trained to deal with incidents.Staffs take all forms of bulling very seriously and intervene to prevent incidents happening. A record of any incidents is kept on file and the manager notified. If staff witness an act of bulling they will do all they can to support the person or persons being bullied, if a child is bullied over a period of time after discussion with the manager, the parent will be informed. The pre-school will do all they can to help the child improve their behaviour and make them aware their actions are not acceptable. If the bulling persists the parent will be asked in to discuss this with the manager.Parents who might be concerned that their child is being bullied or suspect them being bullied, should contact the Pre-school manager immediately. Parents have a responsibility to support the Pre-school’s anti bullying policy and actively encourage their child to be a positive member of school life. Parents are also expected to help develop their child’s social skills, in support of the Pre-schools ethos. Story of Bulling A young teenage girl, who had buck teeth and a personal odour problem, enjoyed the internet and social network site as she didn’t have many friends and was a bit of a loner.Her family thought she was a computer whiz as she was very good at ICT so didn’t keep too much of an eye on her, as this was her only 31. Social thing she did. It was during the summer holidays she got a friends request from a boy at school, she accepted the request and started chatting. Over the next 6 weeks, he asked her to be his girlfriend as he had always fancied her, she accepted. They chatted for hours sharing some very intermit things and experiences, she was totally in love with him and he told her he loved her too. She was really looking forward to meeting up with him at school when they went back.On the first day of school they had arranged to meet by the water foun tain in the playground, when she got there she saw him standing waiting along with a large group of girls and boys laughing, calling her names and repeating some of the intermit things she had told him, she realised it was a horrible prank and she was devastated. Over the next few weeks she was so upset and got more and more depressed, not eating and totally shutting herself away and refusing to go to school some days saying she didn’t feel well, as the rumours spread and comments on the internet got worse.Her parents tried talking to her but she just said â€Å"she was fine† and they put it down to teenage and her period pains until one morning when they found her dead, she had taken an overdose and in her hand was a note to her parent saying â€Å"I’m sorry†. Looking back over this story the girl could still be alive if her computer access was monitored in an area open for the family to see. Her teeth could have been seen by an Orthodontic and she could have been taught about personal hygiene at home. School could have discussed this with her and if need be the parents as well.Encouraging her to join after school clubs could also have helped. The school should have noticed the signs of bullying and acted 32. upon it giving the girl support and reassurance whilst dealing with the bullies and explaining that their actions were unacceptable and how it affects people and how they would feel if it was done to them. School should have liaised with the family about their concerns. Task F 1. Giving young people/children praise and encouragement will help with their self-confidence.Teaching them to be more assertive while still respecting others needs and encouraging tolerance and cooperation between their peers and others will help boost children’s self-esteem. 2. It’s important to support resilience when working with children/young people because it helps them deal and cope with different situations, whether they are good o r bad as they get older and develop into young adults. 3. This can be achieved by the family giving the child love and stability, having a good and secure early attachment, a good sense of self identity. In the work place you could o this by helping them to act independently and to encourage them to try new and different things. 4. Children/young people need to develop strategies to protect themselves and make decision about being safe, as this teaches them what is acceptable behaviour and what isn’t. It’s very important they are comfy 33. with whom they are with, what they are doing and what is being done to them. You can support them with this by being approachable to talk too about their concerns and to be caring and reassuring as possible. Children need to learn how to behave in activities and the danger some behaviour has and the consequence it could cause.Road safety is also very important to teach children to keep safe. Educating children about the dangers that some adults pose and how to minimise them, including how to keep safe while they are using the internet/social network sites. Making them aware of the dangers of substance abuse and provide them with age related sex/relationship education including sexual health and safe sex advise and where they can also seek help if they cannot talk to you. 5. Ways of how to empower children/young people to make positive choices. 1 Teach young children about their bodies and how it works.As they get older explaining puberty and how their bodies are changing into young adults and to give them sex/relationship education including contraception/safe sex and sexually transmitted diseases and aware of other agencies that can help them if they need it. 2 Road safety you start when they are very young by holding their hands to cross the road telling them the Green cross code (copy of the code attached) teaching them to cross safely, then moving onto crossing with you without holding your hand, working to being able to cross on their own with supervision, until they can do it without adult supervision. 4. 3. The internet. When young children are using the internet they should have parental supervision and parental security put into place on the computer reducing the risk of assessing inappropriate sites. The computer should be in an open downstairs place where it can be seen (not hidden away in the child bedroom). Ensure you child isn’t using social network sites under age i. e. Facebook has a minimum age of 13yrs. and when they do use these sites, teach them to put their security settings on so only friends can view their age. Never to befriend someone they don’t know or give out personal details/photos even if they say they are the same age, as this could be a much older person grooming or trying to exploit them. These sites can also have the danger of cyber bulling, so give the child the effective advice of what to do if any of this happens. Always check what your c hild is assessing and who they are communicating to, even when they are older teenagers. Task G IssueRiskPossible consequences Being online 1Gambling sites flood the network.Addiction and crime to support their habit. 2 Exposure to violent material. They could imitate the violence seen. 35. 3Grooming/PaedophilesPhysical harm and psychological impact. Mobile phones RiskPossible consequences 1Bulling via textlow self-esteem, depression, self-harm, health if not eating well. 2Health It’s 5 times more likely of children developing cancer due to excessive useof mobile phone as children’s skulls are thinner so the radiation penetrates deeper. 3Pornography Exposure to sexually explicit material, become sexually active under age. AREAWAYS OF REDUCING RISK Social networking1. Safe security settings. 2. Only befriend/chat to people you know. Internet use1. Computer to be in an open area for all to see. 2. Parental controls 36. Buying online1. Make sure it’s a safe padlock ed site. 2. Buy from reputable companies; look for contact details and returns/delivery policies. Using a mobile phone1. Only talk and text to people you know. 2. Restrict the time children use mobile phones to reduce the amount of radiation penetrating.